ICAK-USA
Research
The
Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in
the Collected Papers
of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2005-2006
-- Edited by
Scott Cuthbert, D.C.
Functional
Systems Approach to Central Nervous System Evaluation
Richard Belli, D.C., D.A.C.N.B.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study investigates the clinical
utility of testing functional systems within the central nervous system,
compared to testing individual motor nerves with manual muscle testing.
Design: Private practice.
Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the
treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool.
Methods: Chiropractic management was decided on by
the treating chiropractor. A series of twelve tests were designed to discover
disorders of functional systems within the CNS. The tests described were to
evaluate the function of 12 systems: 1) spinal cord, 2)
myelencephalon/reticular formation, 3) vagal system, 4) trigeminal motor
system-muscles of mastication, 5) vestibulospinal system, and bulbo reticular
area, 6) reticular formation, 7) diencephalons and gait locomotion system, 8)
mesencephalon, 9) cardiac sympathetic autonomic system, 10) pyramidal system,
11) limbic system, 12) sensory system.
Results: This chiropractic approach tests the nervous
system after provocation of functional systems instead of sensory challenges to
more discreet portions of the body.
Conclusion: For chiropractic patients who are not
responding to discreet treatment programs, this method of evaluation may be
valuable as it tests underlying system problems within the CNS. Nearly all the
functional systems have a related motor activity that results in inhibition and
facilitation patterns. Case series evaluations of this method should be made.
(Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology,
2005-2006;1:1-5)
Key Indexing Terms: Kinesiology, Applied;
Chiropractic; Muscle Weakness; Nervous System; Evaluation Studies
THE ROLE OF THE ANTERIOR FIFTH LUMBAR IN HAMMER TOES AND
DISEQUILIBRIUM – A CASE STUDY
Harlan Browning, D.C., C.C.N., D.C.B.C.N.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss a case of foot pain, foot joint
subluxation, and hammertoes that produced low back pain and equilibrium
problems for 35 years.
Clinical Features: A fifty-five year old woman
presented with a thirty-five year history of bilateral foot problems and
equilibrium problems. Hammertoes were evident preventing the second through
fifth toes from contacting the ground when she stood, making her unsteady on
her feet.
Intervention and Outcome: An anterior L5 subluxation
was corrected, as were cervical and thoracic subluxations. The calcaneus and
talus bones were manipulated bilaterally and then taped for stability. The
author states that an anterior fifth lumbar frequently produces pains below the
knee. After treatment, the patient was contacted at her home. She reported that
her toes were closer to the ground while standing and her balance had improved.
At her follow up visit her toes felt normal to her, and she was able to wear
open toed shoes (her feet were “unsightly” and “embarrassing” to her, and so
she kept them covered). Over the following three weeks her balance during yoga
classes and her foot pain improved.
Conclusion: The anterior fifth lumbar subluxation may
be responsible for foot dysfunctions. Functional tests in applied kinesiology
can be employed to determine whether the involved lumbar subluxation is
producing pain and muscle weakness or joint restrictions in the feet. Treatment
directed at both the lumbar spine and the feet using applied kinesiology may
result in improved function and reduction of pain in the feet. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:7-8)
Key Indexing Terms: Kinesiology,
Applied; Hallux Valgus; Hammertoe Syndrome; Foot, Pain; Musculoskeletal
Manipulations
CORRECTION OF CRANIAL NERVE NEUROPATHY USING APPLIED
KINESIOLOGY CHIROPRACTIC CARE: A CASE STUDY OF THE TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC
ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION
Scott Cuthbert, B.C.A.O., D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To present an overview of possible effects
of Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) and to offer chiropractic approaches and
theories for treatment of a patient with severe visual dysfunction complicated
by ACM.
Clinical Features: A young woman had complex optic
nerve neuritis exacerbated by an ACM (Type I) of the brain.
Intervention and Outcome: Applied kinesiology
chiropractic treatment of the spine and cranium was used for treatment of loss
of vision and nystagmus. After treatment, the patient’s ability to see, read,
and perform smooth eye tracking showed significant and lasting improvement.
Conclusion: Further studies into applied kinesiology
and cranial treatments for visual dysfunctions associated with ACM may be
helpful to evaluate whether this single case study can be representative of a
group of patients who might benefit from this care. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:9-18)
(J Manipulative Physiological Ther 2005;28:289)
Key Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Vision;
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Type I); Muscle Weakness; Cranial Neuropathies
THE TEMPORAL BONE CRANIAL FAULT: A RESUME OF ‘THE TROUBLE
MAKER’ WITH A FOCUS ON THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE AND VESTIBULO-OCULAR SYNDROMES
Scott Cuthbert, B.C.A.O., D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine whether the temporal bone
cranial fault increases difficulties in proprioception, equilibrium, and in the
integration of the sensory inputs from the eyes, ears, muscles and joints.
Methods: The clinical histories of sixty-five
patients with a temporal bone cranial fault were reviewed. These patients
underwent a thorough consultation and applied kinesiology examination, which
included specific proprioceptive and equilibrium testing to evaluate for
problems in this area. The author reviewed the literature on the integration of
the vestibular, visual righting, and head-on-neck reflexes, and the importance
of their proper integration by the CNS. The neurological integration of these
reflexes from peripheral receptors was explored.
Results: The temporal
bone cranial fault is hypothesized to disturb the geometry and function of the
vestibulo-ocular, vestibulo-spinal reflexes. Opto-kinetic reflex disturbances
(diagnosed with ‘ocular lock testing’ in applied kinesiology methodology), may
also be involved in cranial faults, further disturbing equilibrium function in
patients.
Conclusion: Cranial faults, muscle inhibitions,
vertebral subluxations, and equilibrium syndromes may be associated via the
sensory conflict hypothesis, also called dysponesia. Further research into
which of these reflex systems is the critical factor in successful treatment is
warranted. Cranial evaluation and treatment are a significant component in equilibrium
syndromes. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology,
2005-2006;1:19-31)
Key Indexing Terms: Temporal Bone; Cranial
Neuropathies; Chiropractic; Diagnosis; Treatment; Proprioception; Vestibular
Function Tests; Vestibular Apparatus
MUSCLE ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE
Simon J. King, B.App.Sc.(Chiro), D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This article demonstrated a method of
identifying an inhibited muscle by contracting it, and simultaneously testing a
normotonic muscle that subsequently becomes inhibited.
Methods: The author describes another method for
discovery of inhibited muscles in the body that can be used by manual muscle
testers (applied kinesiologists). A muscle that is inhibited has aberrations in
its muscle spindle functions and sends altered proprioceptive messages into the
CNS. These alterations have been shown to cause a decrease in muscle strength.
Results: This method allows an examiner to discover
muscle inhibitions in the body. There are some muscles in the body that cannot
be tested manually. The multifidus and rotators muscles are examples. Asking
the patient to contract these muscles and then evaluating a change in strength
of an easily tested muscle may reveal inhibitions in these types of muscles.
Conclusion: This method of diagnosis for muscle
inhibitions can be used to discover what corrective method is appropriate for
the muscle. Vertebral subluxations can be diagnosed using this method by
challenging vertebrae until the contraction of the inhibited muscle no longer
weakens a normotonic muscle. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:43-46)
Key Indexing Terms: Kinesiology, Applied;
Chiropractic; Diagnosis; Muscle Weakness; Muscle Contraction
THE NEUROREGULATORY ROLE OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE IN DURAL
TORQUE AND THE RECIPROCAL TENSION MEMBRANE
Harlan Browning, D.C.,
D.C.B.C.N., C.C.N.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To review the neuroanatomy of the
cranio-sacral system and its functional integration with the trigeminal nerve
via the innervation of the dural membranes.
Methods: A discussion of the attachments and movement
potentials of the dural membranes, and of the afferent innervation of the dura
by the trigeminal nerve, leads to the hypothesis that the trigeminal nerve and
nuclei both monitor and coordinate cranial motion. A review of the concepts of
dural torque and meningeal tension are given.
Results: The anatomical correspondence between the
trigeminal nerve, the cranial dura, and the upper three cervical nerves is
suggested to be a driving force behind the craniosacral rhythm.
Conclusion: This paper hypothesizes that either
directly through the meningeal dura, and the muscles of mastication, or
indirectly through the neurons of the upper cervical spine, the trigeminal
nerve and nuclei are responsible for the craniosacral rhythm. Adequate
treatment of the craniosacral system will include examination and treatment of
cranial meningeal tensions affecting the trigeminal nerve. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:55-60)
Key Indexing Terms: Cranial
Neuropathies; Chiropractic; Meninges; Trigeminal Nerve
A NEWLY DISCOVERED MUSCLE-ORGAN RELATIONSHIP: THE
PECTORALIS MINOR AND THE PAROTID GLAND
Stephen C. Gangemi, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The research
into the correspondence between muscle dysfunction and organ or gland
dysfunction has continued throughout the history of AK. A proposed relationship
between the pectoralis minor muscle and the function of the parotid glands is
discussed.
Design: Private practice.
Study Subjects: Patients
were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool.
Methods: A discussion of
the visceral referred pain (VRP) areas in the body is made. Activating the VRP
for the parotid glands (by pinching or rubbing) specifically strengthened the
pectoralis minor muscle using manual muscle testing procedures. The
relationship of the parotid glands to the immune system, the thyroid gland, and
the lymphatic system is described.
Results: This method of
evaluation for the function of the parotid glands allowed the doctor to
diagnose a problem with these two glands, and to discover proper treatment
methods (neurolymphatic stimulation, vertebral subluxation correction, or
nutritional support).
Conclusion: Due to the
impact of proper parotid function on an individual’s health, specifically the
immune system and the thyroid gland, the observation of an inhibited (or over
facilitated) pectoralis minor muscle in relationship to this gland enables the
doctor to investigate and treat patients with greater success. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:75-77)
Key Indexing Terms: Parotid
Gland; Pectoralis Muscles; Chiropractic; Diagnosis; Muscle Weakness
THE USE OF LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF
RECURRENT TEMPORAL BULGE CRANIAL FAULT WITH ATTENDANT DIGESTIVE COMPLAINTS
James D. W. Hogg, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The temporal
bulge cranial fault (or external temporal cranial fault) is described. Clinical
features of this syndrome are described, as well as the traditional AK method
of diagnosis and treatment.
Design: Private practice.
Study Subjects: Patients
were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool.
Methods: In patients who
have a recurrence of the temporal bone cranial fault after traditional AK
correction methods have been given, the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT)
was employed.
Results: The author
describes LLLT therapy, and its use for cranial nerve problems (cranial nerve X
specifically) is explained. A step-by-step clinical protocol for the temporal
bone cranial fault and cranial nerve X dysfunction is given.
Conclusion: The addition
of LLLT to this doctor’s clinical protocol for the temporal bulge cranial fault
and associated digestive disturbances enhanced the clinical effectiveness and
longevity of correction for his patients. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:79-82)
Key Indexing Terms: Laser
Therapy, Low-Level; Temporal
Bone; Cranial Nerve X; Cranial Neuropathies; Chiropractic
ABNORMAL MUSCLE TESTING RESPONSES WITH CEREBELLAR
TRANSNEURAL DEGENERATION – A CASE HISTORY
Datis Kharrazian, D.C.,
M.S., F.A.A.C.P., D.A.C.B.N., D.I.B.A.K., C.N.S., C.S.C.S., C.C.S.P.
Objective: To discuss the case of a 32-year-old
female with multiple chronic disorders that was managed with procedures for the
treatment of cerebellar transneural degeneration (TND).
Clinical Features: A thorough neurologic, x-ray, MRI,
and CT scan examination is described as well as its neurological significance.
The complex clinical features of TND are discussed, and the findings in this
patient’s examination correlated.
Intervention and Outcome: Conservative chiropractic
treatment of TND, as well as nutritional support, improved the majority of this
patient’s symptomatology.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates how TND may lead
to unpredictable muscle testing responses. This case history demonstrates how
abnormal muscle responses may occur when a neurologically compromised patient
performs manual muscle tests that exceed their metabolic threshold. Management
of this type of patient may require nutritional treatment for the abnormal
bio-chemistry of the motor neuron pools before consistent muscle testing
outcomes can be expected. (Collected Papers International College of Applied
Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:83-89)
Key Indexing Terms: Spinocerebellar
Degenerations; Cerebellar Dysfunction; Neuron Degeneration; Kinesiology,
Applied
CHIROPRACTIC APPLIED KINESIOLOGY INTEGRATION WITH TMJ
DENTAL CARE – TWO CASES
David Leaf, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss two cases where TMJ splinting
techniques were needed to stabilize the patients’ corrections.
Clinical Features: A sixteen-year-old female began
orthodontic work at age thirteen, when 6 teeth were removed and braces were
fitted. The patient had inhibited muscles on the left side of her body
producing a staggering gait and inability to run, with severe headaches that
limited her attendance in school to two days a week. These symptoms began after
dental work was initiated. The second case involved a 57-year-old man who
suffered a stroke that left him with poor coordination, loss of strength,
speech pattern changes and an inability to coordinate the movement of his eyes
so he could not focus or read.
Intervention and Outcome: Examination and treatment
of the young woman’s cranium provided immediate increase in the strength of the
muscles on the left side of her body and a 50% decrease in her headache.
However, within two minutes the correction was lost. Placement of a tongue
depressor between the teeth on the left following cranial corrections improved
the muscle strength to normal, and normalized her gait pattern upon walking.
She was referred to a dentist specializing in the equilibration of the TMJ, and
fitted with a splint. The combined chiropractic and dental care has resolved
all of her symptoms. The second older patient, a stroke victim, also received
chiropractic and then dental equilibration care. His vision, reading, and
speech patterns improved.
Conclusion: These two case reports demonstrate the
need for coordinated chiropractic and dental care in the treatment of complex
and severe cases of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:91-93)
Key Indexing Terms: Temporomandibular
Joint Disorders; Chiropractic; Cranial Neuropathies; Dentistry; Orthodontics,
Corrective
EFFECTS OF PROPER WALKING ON SPINAL FIXATIONS
David Leaf, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: A case series
of thirty patients between the ages of 18 to 75 who had spinal fixations and
decreased rib expansion were chosen for this study.
Clinical Features: All
patients were measured for 1) spinal flexion, 2) passive arm abduction, 3)
lateral bending of the neck and head, 4) rib expansion at the xiphoid process,
5) motion palpation of the spine, and 6) muscle testing for AK correlations
with spinal fixations by testing for bilateral inhibition of the deltoid,
popliteus, teres major, lower trapezius, psoas, gluteus maximus, and neck
extensor muscles.
Intervention and Outcome:
Treatment consisted of testing and correcting one or more of the following: 1)
anterior talus, 2) dropped navicular, 3) lateral cuboid, 4) posterior
calcaneus, 5) treatment to strengthen inhibited tibialis posterior, posterior
longus, and gastrocnemius muscles. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
(PNF) was applied to the ankle and foot muscles, and proper instructions on
walking were given. The patients were then asked to walk for 100 steps on a
treadmill and the above tests and measurements were repeated. All but 5
patients showed all spinal fixations corrected, and rib expansion increased an
average of 1.3 inches. Spinal flexion increased an average of 3.75 inches. The
patients were then asked to walk 30 steps with their previous improper gait
pattern, and all but two were found to have their original restrictions return.
Conclusion: Normal walking creates patterns of muscle
action that normalizes spinal mechanics and rib expansion. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:95-96)
Key Indexing Terms: Foot Injuries; Ankle Injuries;
Gait; Examination
EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLIED KINESIOLOGY PROCEDURES ON FOOT
SIZE
David Leaf, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss
changes in foot size in a convenience sample of 180 people after a combination
of common applied kinesiology procedures were employed to the foot and ankle.
Clinical Features: 180
students and patients in the author’s practice and seminars had their
footprints drawn. First, with their foot placed lightly on the paper and the
foot outlined. Second, with their foot bearing their body weight another
tracing was drawn with another colored pencil. An increase of more than ¼ inch
indicated loss of intrinsic foot support. Only 15% of the participants had a
difference of less than ¼ inch weight bearing compared to non-weight bearing.
Intervention and Outcome: Applied
kinesiology testing and treatment procedures were applied to the muscles,
joints, and skin in the ankles and feet of all patients. Skin imbalances were
treated using Kinesio tape. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was given
to the ankle and foot muscles. Spinal subluxations from L4 to the sacrum were
treated. The patient was then instructed to walk for 30 steps. A new piece of
paper and tracing measurement of the foot was taken and compared to the
original.
Conclusion: In all of the cases who had more than ¼
inch difference non-weight bearing compared to weight bearing, when the above
AK protocols were used, the second tracing would show markedly less difference
in foot size than the original tracing after AK treatment. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:99-100)
Key Indexing Terms: Foot; Foot Joint; Ankle
Joint; Chiropractic; Examination
CLINICAL RESPONSE TO A NEUROLOGICALLY BASED COMPREHENSIVE
CLINICAL PROTOCOL DEVELOPED BY DR. WALTHER H. SCHMITT
Kerry M. McCord, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To demonstrate
the use of a neurologically based clinical protocol using applied kinesiology
techniques developed by Walter Schmitt, a diplomate chiropractic neurologist,
on a case series of four patients with dissimilar presenting complaints. The
clinical protocol used for examination and treatment is given in the appendix
of this paper.
Clinical Features: Three
adult patients presented with severe pain syndromes, and one child with
attention deficit disorder. A comprehensive examination and treatment of these
cases using this protocol is described.
Intervention and Outcome:
The application of this particular applied kinesiology protocol led to a
successful resolution of presenting symptomatology regardless of the presenting
complaint.
Conclusion: Since the
presenting complaints of these patients were so varying and diverse, the
possible applicability of this clinical protocol to a much wider patient base
should be investigated. (Collected Papers International College of Applied
Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:101-115)
Key Indexing Terms: Attention
Deficit Disorder; Food Allergy; Examination; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic
THE BRAINSTEM AND MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING
James Otis, D.C.,
D.A.C.N.B.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To offer a
brief review of muscle physiology, spinal cord function, and the modulating
effects of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) on muscle function, with an
emphasis on factors that affect muscle test outcomes.
Data Sources: Information
was obtained from English language medical and scientific journals and
medical/physiology textbooks. Key authors indexed included Grillner, Binder,
Heckman, Lee, Guyton, Garcia-Rill, and Powers.
Methods: A series of five
manual muscle test procedures were proposed to evaluate brainstem function; the
neuro-physiological relevance of each procedure is given, and expected muscle
test outcomes in response to brainstem stimulation are given.
Conclusion: In the
context of a full neurological exam, specific muscle test procedures are
hypothesized to be sensitive, easily administered diagnostic tools for the
evaluation of brainstem function. The tests described in this paper are argued
to be positive (when given to a typical chiropractic clinic population), due to
physiological, reversible brainstem dysfunction. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:129-143)
Key Indexing Terms: Reticular
Formation; Brain Stem; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Kinesiology, Applied
ENTEROGASTRIC REFLEX: POWERFUL DUODENAL FACTORS THAT
INHIBIT THE STOMACH
Jose Palomar Lever, M.D.,
O.S., D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss the
treatment of a case series of 90 patients who had stomach problems. To explain
the enterogastric reflex’s relevance to digestive function, and a method for
diagnosing an under-active or an over-active enterogastric reflex is described.
Clinical Features: All 90
patients were treated with the standard AK protocol, including specific AK
procedures for stomach disorders. Out of the 90 patients, 82 were found to have
an abnormal enterogastric reflex.
Results: Of the 4
patients with an under active enterogastric reflex, 90% improved. In patients
with an over-active enterogastric reflex: 48 patients improved 90% of their
symptoms; 11 patients improved 70% of their symptoms; 16 patients improved 50%
of their symptoms; 3 patients improved 20% or less of their symptoms.
Conclusion: The
enterogastric reflex has an effect on the digestion of food. When this reflex
is disturbed, digestive problems may result. Treatment of this reflex is argued
to help patients complaining of digestive problems. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:145-150)
Key Indexing Terms: Stomach;
Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Agents; Kinesiology, Applied
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN HOMOCYSTEINE, THE PSOAS MINOR
MUSCLE, AND LOW BACK PAIN
Thomas Rogowskey, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: A connection
between excess levels of homocysteine and bilateral weakness of the psoas minor
muscle is proposed.
Design: Private practice.
Study Subjects: Patients
were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool.
Methods: The metabolism
of homocysteine is described. The clinical presentation of an anterior lumbar
vertebra is described, and correlated with the biomechanical instability of a
bilaterally inhibited psoas minor muscle.
Results: In a case
series, six patients from the doctor’s practice had bilaterally inhibited psoas
minor muscles. In these patients, insalivation of homocysteine weakened a
previously facilitated muscle. Insalivation of nutrients that combat excess
homocysteine levels (methylcobalamine/B-12, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate/MTHF,
folic acid, pyridoxyl-5-phosphate/P5P, serine, betaine, and/or arginine)
corrected the bilaterally inhibited psoas minor muscles. A treatment protocol
of the anterior lumbar vertebrae, the neurolymphatic reflexes, and the cervical
spine problems frequently involved with the inhibited psoas minor muscles is presented.
Conclusion: Excess
homocysteine has been shown to be a risk factor in cardiovascular disease. This
paper describes the musculoskeletal and functional biochemical problems that
result from excess homocysteine in addition to the traditionally associated
diseases. A treatment protocol is described. Correlating these findings with
lab results is an area to be further investigated. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:151-156)
Key Indexing Terms: Homocysteine;
Psoas Muscles; Low Back Pain; Heart Diseases; Cerebrovascular Accident;
Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic; Musculoskeletal Manipulations
THE NEUROLOGICAL RATIONALE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL
PROTOCOL USING APPLIED KINESIOLOGY TECHNIQUES
Walter H. Schmitt, Jr.,
D.C., D.I.B.A.K., D.A.B.C.N.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This paper presents the clinical protocol
developed by the author after 30 years of clinical experience using applied
kinesiology techniques.
Design: The protocol is described, and then the neurologic
and metabolic rationale for the placement of the procedures within the protocol
is explained.
Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the
treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool.
Methods: The procedure presented identifies muscle
weakness, injuries, systemic nutritional problems, systemic structural
problems, cellular metabolic problems, autonomic problems, systemic endocrine
problems, autonomic dysfunction, emotional stress problems, local pain
problems, and gait assessment.
Results: This protocol enables practitioners of
various disciplines and practice styles to incorporate these functional
neurological assessment procedures into their daily practice.
Conclusion: This protocol summarizes the author’s 30
years of contributions to the system of applied kinesiology chiropractic. The
organization of his work in the fields of neurology, biochemistry, spinal
adjusting, and the diagnosis and treatment of somatic dysfunction is presented.
Outcome studies of this method of treatment should be made. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:157-191)
Key Indexing Terms: Kinesiology,
Applied; Chiropractic; Muscle Weakness; Nervous System; Chemistry, Clinical;
Evaluation; Treatment Protocols
ADULT ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER AND LEARNING DISABILITIES
Paul T. Sprieser, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To discuss the
author’s experience of treating both children and later adults with
attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and learning disabilities. The author reviews
a paper he wrote in 1984 on the subject, and then describes later findings that
encompass his 41 years of treating the problem.
Methods: The neurology
and metabolism of the patient with ADD is described. The author describes a
cranial fault that he has consistently found in these patients, and its method
of diagnosis and treatment are explained.
Results: The author has
treated this particular cranial fault in 1,500 patients who were classified
with learning disabilities. A control group of 250 patients were questioned by
the author and determined not to have any type of learning problems. The
cranial fault was not present in the 250 members of the control group. The
methodology for determining learning disabilities or attention deficit disorder
in the patients was not given.
Conclusion: The author has used this cranial
treatment in 1,500 patients with ADD and learning disabilities, and has
evidence from patient response that the correction helps with these disorders.
He has begun a study on other students with similar problems who have taken a
previous SAT exam that will give a base line score, which will help determine
if the cranial fault correction has some bearing on improvements in the test
scores. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology,
2005-2006;1:193-208)
Key Indexing Terms: Attention Deficit Disorder;
Learning Disabilities; Adult Learning Disorders; Treatment; Chiropractic;
Kinesiology, Applied
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLEX DISORDER AND HIATAL HERNIA, A
UNIVERSAL PROBLEM
Paul T. Sprieser, D.C.,
D.I.B.A.K.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To describe
gastroesophageal reflex disorder (GERD) and hiatal hernia and their treatment
using applied kinesiology methods. A review of the anatomical distortions
producing GERD and hiatal hernia is given.
Data Sources: Information
was obtained from the applied kinesiology published literature and
medical/physiology textbooks. Key authors indexed included Goodheart, Walther,
and Guyton.
Methods: A series of
diagnostic tests were described to evaluate for muscular dysfunction of the
diaphragm, as well as tests to evaluate problems with the digestive enzymes of
the stomach. Structural factors involved in the production of the GERD and
hiatal hernia are described, as well as the signs and symptoms to suggest this
problem in the patient.
Conclusion: The author
suggests that diagnosing and correcting the causes of GERD will be more
beneficial and longer lasting for the patient than using medications that
reduce the symptoms of digestive dysfunction. Studies evaluating outcomes using
this treatment method would be valuable. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2005-2006;1:209-217)
Key Indexing Terms:
Hernia, Hiatal; Diagnosis; Treatment; Chiropractic; Kinesiology, Applied
