ICAK-USA Research
The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology
Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers
of the International College of
Applied Kinesiology for the year 1988
-- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C.
A SIMPLE ASSESSMENT FOR MUSCLE IMBALANCE
Louis C. Boven, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To
present the case of a middle distance runner who was successfully treated for
shin splints.
Clinical Features:
A middle distance runner complained of shin splints.
Intervention and Outcome:
All related muscles of the leg were tested and then treated with the patient
showing approximately 75% improvement. The remaining discomfort was located
along the anterolateral tibia and the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Palpation of the origin and insertion of the anterior tibial muscle showed
tenderness. A “limbic fixation” was then diagnosed and corrected. The limbic
fixation is a lower cervical vertebral fixation with the 1st rib.
All palpatory pain was removed after the lower cervical and 1st rib
fixation correction, and the patient experienced complete resolution of the
problem.
Conclusion: This
case demonstrates what has been hypothesized to be the case in AK, namely that
the limbic fixation correction improves leg muscle function. Larger clinical
trials are warranted. (Collected Papers International College of Applied
Kinesiology, 1988:1-3)
Key Indexing Terms: Leg Injuries; Athletic Injuries; Sports
Medicine; Treatment Outcome;
Therapeutics; Chiropractic; Kinesiology,
Applied.
THE USE OF A SURROGATE IN MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING
John M. Corneal, D.C.
Objective: To
present an observational cohort study to assess “surrogate muscle testing” as
used in AK and to present the reliability percentages found.
Clinical Features:
A sample of 22 patients who were given 55 muscle testing trials were evaluated.
This study used 3 surrogates and 2 doctors. Surrogate testing involves the use
of a third party while employing AK MMT. The surrogate holds contact with the
patient, or specific contacts for the patient, and the examiner then employs
MMT with the surrogate. This technique is thought to be most useful when
conditions preclude the direct testing of the patient (i.e. infancy, dementia,
or coma). Two doctors performed the testing at 2 different office locations
using 2 female and 1 male surrogate. The surrogates were long-standing
chiropractic patients and were treated prior to the testing. The 22 patients
were between the ages of 10 and 50. The 22 patients were examined for positive
temporosphenoidal (T.S.) line indicators. One or more T.S. line indicators were
therapy localized by the patient to verify the positive finding. The
five-factors of the involved indicator were then TL’d and positives noted.
Intervention and Outcome:
The surrogate was tested in the clear using the right supraspinatus muscle. The
surrogates left hand was used to TL the previously positive TS line indicators
and five-factor points on the patient while the doctor tested the right
supraspinatus. Non-positive contacts were randomly inserted in the testing as a
control. Doctor “A”, with surrogate one, tested 8 patients and 22 MMT trials.
Of the 22 MMT trials, surrogate testing confirmed 22 of the findings, yielding
100% accuracy. Doctor “A”, with surrogate two, involved 5 patients and 14 MMT
trials. Surrogate testing confirmed 11 of the findings, yielding 64% accuracy.
Doctor “B”, with surrogate 3, involved 9 patients and 19 MMT trials. Surrogate
testing confirmed 11 of the findings yielding 58% accuracy. These findings show
only a fair to poor reliability of surrogate testing. However one surrogate was
100% accurate, indicating that certain individuals are reliable surrogates but
the reason for this is unclear.
Conclusion: Future
study may reveal the factors that distinguish a reliable surrogate. Until such
factors are known, surrogate testing should be reserved for those cases where
it is impossible to test directly and where corroborative findings are present.
(Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 1988:67-70)
RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON: A CASE HISTORY
Cecilia A. Duffy, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To
present a case of Raynaud’s phenomenon which responded immediately to AK
meridian therapy and spinal manipulative therapy.
Clinical Features:
A 61-year-old male presented with injuries to the cervical and upper thoracic
spine, with pain in those areas and the upper arms. While receiving
chiropractic treatment for these problems, he presented with his left middle
finger and right ring finger completely white. He had noticed it turning white
while waiting in the treatment room. The fingers were numb and cold to the
touch. There was no history of previous occurrence or medication. The outside
temperature was in the teens.
Intervention and Outcome:
Examination of the pulse points using AK methods revealed triple
heater/circulation sex meridians to have positive TL. There was a left teres
minor weakness that strengthened on TL to the triple heater alarm point. The
right triple heater tonification point (TH3) showed positive TL. Tapping of the
right TH3 point produced immediate color return to the right ring finger.
Spinal examination showed a left posterior subluxation of the T5 vertebrae
(which is the circulation sex meridian’s associated point). Adjustment of T5
had no effect on the left middle finger color, however, after tapping of the T6
level (the Dvorak and Dvorak spondylogenic reflex), the left middle finger
regained full color. There was now no hyperemia nor pain upon the return of
color to the effected fingers.
Conclusion: This
patient’s Raynaud’s phenomenon was immediately relieved by AK therapy. These
observations would appear to support the hypothesis that Raynaud’s phenomenon
can be caused by spinal subluxations and meridian imbalances. Larger clinical
trials are in order. (Collected Papers International College of Applied
Kinesiology, 1988:101-102)
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN
Daniel H. Duffy, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To
present a case of acute low back pain that resolved with AK therapy and the
elimination of chemical self-abuse.
Clinical Features:
A patient with low back pain and sciatica was rendered asymptomatic by AK
therapy. The symptoms would return however within a week and the patient would
again be seen with acute low back pain and antalgia. This scenario repeated
itself several times. The patient was advised to stop all marijuana, alcohol,
and refined food and to limit cigarettes to 6 a day or forfeit his right to
treatment. The alternative would be referral to a surgeon.
Intervention and Outcome:
The patient agreed to follow the doctor’s instructions, and was treated again
by AK therapy and placed on an hourly dose of Drenamin (Standard Process Labs).
The patient continued this dose every waking hour for 4 days and then was
gradually reduced to 2 tablets at mealtime. Upon recovery this patient
voluntarily switched to a brand of cigarettes he disliked to help in
eliminating his smoking habit, once he recognized the magnitude of chemical
effects upon him. The patient’s low back pain resolved after AK treatment and
the elimination of his chemical self-abuse.
Conclusion:
Patients who are ingesting large doses of drugs or other injurious chemicals
often must restrict these to recover.
(Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology,
1988:105)
CLINICAL CORRELATIONS OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS
Lawrence V. Hambrick, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To
present an observational cohort study to determine the causes of suspected
adrenal dysfunction in patients.
Clinical Features:
Twenty-five patients who had positive AK TL to the adrenal glands were chosen
for this study. Once the positive TL was located, the patients were checked for
cranial problems by testing a strong indicator muscle on all phases of
respiration. To determine whether the patients were either hypo- or
hyper-adrenic, the examiner traced the triple warmer meridian with the hand so
as to increase the direction of energy flow in the meridian. If this cancelled
the adrenal TL, the patient was suspected to be hypo-adrenic. If no change occurred,
then the triple warmer meridian was traced in the direction opposite the energy
flow so as to decrease the direction of energy flow. If this cancelled the
positive adrenal TL, the patient was suspected to be hyper-adrenic. Once a
determination was made about whether the patient was hypo- or hyper-adrenic,
the examiner attempted to find another underlying cause. While the doctor
maintained TL to the adrenals, the patient TL’d to 5 other areas: 1) the
emotional neurovascular reflex, 2) the thymus gland, 3) the pancreas
neurolymphatic reflex, 4) the liver, or 5) the ileocecal valve.
Intervention and Outcome:
Of the 25 patients included in this study, 80% were suspected to be hypoadrenic
and 20% hyperadrenic. The emotional NV was positive in 60% of the patients. The
thymus was positive on 40% of the patients, the pancreas on 48%, the liver on
28%, and the ileocecal valve on 32% of the cases. Inspiration cancelled the
adrenal TL in 64% of the cases. 84% of the patients had more than one reflex
contributing to the adrenal dysfunction.
Conclusion: This
clinical trial suggests that numerous factors underlie adrenal stress disorder
and these may require successful treatment in order to resolve the adrenal
dysfunction found in patients. (Collected Papers International College of
Applied Kinesiology, 1988:141-141-144)
THYMUS AND VITAMIN C LINGUAL TESTS
Alex P. Karpowicz, D.C.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To
present an observational cohort study to determine the relationship between a
positive Lingual Ascorbic Acid test and AK diagnosed thymus gland dysfunction.
Clinical Features:
Forty-eight patients were assessed in this study. Forty patients tested normal
to the Lingual Ascorbic Acid test and 8 were abnormal.
Intervention and Outcome:
To test the thymus gland a strong infraspinatus muscle (associated in AK with
the thymus gland) was tested against TL to the thymus gland. This caused
weakening in the 8 patients who had an abnormal disappearance time on the
Lingual Ascorbic Acid test. In these 8 patients, the introduction of a
300-milligram chewable wafer of vitamin C on the tongue caused the
infraspinatus muscle to strengthen with TL to the thymus gland.
Conclusion: This
study indicates that there is a relationship between an abnormal or deficient
amount of vitamin C and a positive AK thymus gland test, indicating a need for
vitamin C. Larger clinical trials with simultaneous laboratory testing will be
required. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology,
1988:157-158)
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